Therefore
U+2234Mathematical Operators
Also known as therefore signtherefore symbolthree-dot therefore
Copy and paste ∴. The Therefore character has Unicode code point U+2234 and decimal HTML code ∴.
Symbol codes
- Unicode
U+2234- HTML Code
∴- CSS Code
\2234- HTML Entity
∴- HEX Code
∴
Technical properties
Unicode 18.0.0
- Code point
- U+2234
- Decimal
- 8756
- Unicode name
- THEREFORE
- Block
- Mathematical Operators · U+2200–U+22FF
- General category
- Math Symbol (Sm)
- Script
- Common
- Introduced
- Unicode 1.1
- JavaScript
- "\u2234"
Appears in
About Therefore
The therefore sign is three dots arranged in a triangle. It introduces a conclusion in mathematics and logic and is read as “therefore.”
∴ is encoded in Unicode as code point U+2234 (decimal 8756). Its official Unicode name is THEREFORE.
It belongs to the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF), its General Category is Math Symbol (Sm), and it was added in Unicode 1.1, released in 1993. Its script value is Common: it is shared across writing systems rather than belonging to one.
Common uses
- Introducing the conclusion of a proof or argument
- Shortening “therefore” in notes
Examples
- Proof step
- x + 1 = 10 ∴ x = 9
Sources: Unicode Character Database 18.0.0, the HTML Standard’s list of named character references, and Unicode’s code page mappings.
How to type or insert Therefore
- Any device
- Select Copy symbol, then paste with Ctrl+V, or ⌘+V on a Mac.
- Microsoft Word
- Type
2234, then press Alt+X. - macOS Character Viewer
- Press Control+⌘+Space and search for “therefore”.
- Linux (GTK and IBus)
- Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type
2234, then press Space. - HTML
∴or∴. In a UTF-8 page you can also paste the character itself.- CSS
content: "\2234";in a::beforeor::afterrule.- JavaScript
"\u2234"
Common questions about Therefore
What is the Therefore symbol?
The therefore sign is three dots arranged in a triangle. It introduces a conclusion in mathematics and logic and is read as “therefore.” In Unicode it is U+2234, officially named THEREFORE. It is also known as therefore sign, therefore symbol, and three-dot therefore.
What is the difference between ∴ and ∵?
∴ means “therefore” and introduces a conclusion; its dots form a triangle that points up. ∵ means “because” and introduces a reason; its dots form a triangle that points down.
How do I copy and paste the Therefore symbol?
Select Copy symbol at the top of this page, then paste with Ctrl+V on Windows and Linux or ⌘+V on a Mac. On a phone, tap Copy symbol, then touch and hold where you want it and choose Paste. ∴ pastes as ordinary text, so it works in documents, messages, and code.
How do I type the Therefore symbol on Windows?
In Microsoft Word, type 2234 and press Alt+X to turn the code into ∴. In any app, open Character Map from the Start menu, search for “therefore”, then select and copy the character.
How do I type the Therefore symbol on a Mac?
Press Control+⌘+Space to open the Character Viewer, search for “therefore”, and double-click the result to insert it.
How do I type the Therefore symbol on an iPhone or Android phone?
The simplest way is to copy it from this page and paste it where you need it. If you use it often, save it as a text shortcut: on iPhone, go to Settings > General > Keyboard > Text Replacement; with Gboard on Android, go to Gboard settings > Dictionary > Personal dictionary.
Can I use the Therefore symbol in Word, Google Docs, and social media?
Yes. ∴ is a standard Unicode character, so you can paste it into Microsoft Word, Google Docs, emails, and posts or bios on Instagram, X, Facebook, and TikTok. In Google Docs you can also choose Insert > Special characters and search for “therefore”. In Word, choose Insert > Symbol > More Symbols, set from to Unicode (hex), and enter 2234 as the character code.
Is the Therefore symbol an emoji?
No. ∴ is a text symbol, not an emoji. It takes the color and size of the surrounding text, and its exact shape depends on the font.
Why does the Therefore symbol show as a box or question mark?
An empty box or a question mark means the font on that device has no glyph for ∴. The character is still there: it appears correctly wherever a font covers Unicode’s Mathematical Operators block, and free font families such as Google Noto cover nearly all of Unicode.
What are the HTML and CSS codes for the Therefore symbol?
In HTML, write ∴ (decimal) or ∴ (hexadecimal), or the named entity ∴. In CSS, use content: "\2234"; in a ::before or ::after rule, and in JavaScript "\u2234". See all HTML codes.