N Ary Summation
U+2211N-ARY SUMMATIONMathematical Operators
Also known as summation signsigma sumsum symbol
Copy and paste ∑. The N Ary Summation character has Unicode code point U+2211 and decimal HTML code ∑.
Symbol codes
- Unicode
U+2211- HTML Code
∑- CSS Code
\2211- HTML Entity
∑- HEX Code
∑
Technical properties
Unicode 18.0.0
- Code point
- U+2211
- Decimal
- 8721
- Unicode name
- N-ARY SUMMATION
- Block
- Mathematical Operators · U+2200–U+22FF
- General category
- Math Symbol (Sm)
- Script
- Common
- Introduced
- Unicode 1.1
- JavaScript
- "\u2211"
Appears in
About N Ary Summation
∑ is encoded in Unicode as code point U+2211 (decimal 8721). Its official Unicode name is N-ARY SUMMATION.
It belongs to the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF), its General Category is Math Symbol (Sm), and it was added in Unicode 1.1, released in 1993. Its script value is Common: it is shared across writing systems rather than belonging to one.
Sources: Unicode Character Database 18.0.0, the HTML Standard’s list of named character references, and Unicode’s code page mappings.
How to type or insert N Ary Summation
- Any device
- Select Copy symbol, then paste with Ctrl+V, or ⌘+V on a Mac.
- Microsoft Word
- Type
2211, then press Alt+X. - Mac keyboard
- Option+W on the U.S. keyboard layout.
- macOS Character Viewer
- Press Control+⌘+Space and search for “n-ary summation”.
- Linux (GTK and IBus)
- Press Ctrl+Shift+U, type
2211, then press Space. - HTML
∑or∑. In a UTF-8 page you can also paste the character itself.- CSS
content: "\2211";in a::beforeor::afterrule.- JavaScript
"\u2211"
Common questions about N Ary Summation
What is the N Ary Summation symbol?
∑ (N Ary Summation) is a math symbol in Unicode’s Mathematical Operators block. Its code point is U+2211, and it has been part of the standard since Unicode 1.1 (1993). It is also known as summation sign, sigma sum, and sum symbol.
How do I copy and paste the N Ary Summation symbol?
Select Copy symbol at the top of this page, then paste with Ctrl+V on Windows and Linux or ⌘+V on a Mac. On a phone, tap Copy symbol, then touch and hold where you want it and choose Paste. ∑ pastes as ordinary text, so it works in documents, messages, and code.
How do I type the N Ary Summation symbol on Windows?
In Microsoft Word, type 2211 and press Alt+X to turn the code into ∑. In any app, open Character Map from the Start menu, search for “n-ary summation”, then select and copy the character.
How do I type the N Ary Summation symbol on a Mac?
Press Option+W (U.S. keyboard layout). Press Control+⌘+Space to open the Character Viewer, search for “n-ary summation”, and double-click the result to insert it.
How do I type the N Ary Summation symbol on an iPhone or Android phone?
The simplest way is to copy it from this page and paste it where you need it. If you use it often, save it as a text shortcut: on iPhone, go to Settings > General > Keyboard > Text Replacement; with Gboard on Android, go to Gboard settings > Dictionary > Personal dictionary.
Can I use the N Ary Summation symbol in Word, Google Docs, and social media?
Yes. ∑ is a standard Unicode character, so you can paste it into Microsoft Word, Google Docs, emails, and posts or bios on Instagram, X, Facebook, and TikTok. In Google Docs you can also choose Insert > Special characters and search for “n-ary summation”. In Word, choose Insert > Symbol > More Symbols, set from to Unicode (hex), and enter 2211 as the character code.
Is the N Ary Summation symbol an emoji?
No. ∑ is a text symbol, not an emoji. It takes the color and size of the surrounding text, and its exact shape depends on the font.
Why does the N Ary Summation symbol show as a box or question mark?
An empty box or a question mark means the font on that device has no glyph for ∑. The character is still there: it appears correctly wherever a font covers Unicode’s Mathematical Operators block, and free font families such as Google Noto cover nearly all of Unicode.
What are the HTML and CSS codes for the N Ary Summation symbol?
In HTML, write ∑ (decimal) or ∑ (hexadecimal), or the named entity ∑. In CSS, use content: "\2211"; in a ::before or ::after rule, and in JavaScript "\u2211". See all HTML codes.